How to Read Cable Specifications Like a Pro

Decoding a cable specification label can feel like reading a foreign language, especially if you're not an electrical engineer. However, understanding these specifications is vital to ensuring compatibility, safety, and efficiency. In this blog, we walk you through the technical jargon—like conductor material, insulation type, voltage rating, and current carrying capacity—and explain what each parameter means for real-world applications. Whether you're a first-time buyer or a seasoned project manager, this guide will give you the confidence to evaluate and choose the right cable for the job

The conductor is the heart of any cable. Most power cables use copper or aluminum as conductors. Copper offers excellent conductivity and flexibility, making it ideal for high-performance systems. Aluminum is lighter and more cost-effective, but it has a lower conductivity than copper. Depending on your project’s budget, performance needs, and installation conditions, the choice of conductor material can significantly affect system reliability and efficiency.

Insulation is not just about preventing electric shock—it also protects the conductor from heat, moisture, chemicals, and mechanical damage. Common types include PVC, XLPE, and EPR.

Using a cable with an inappropriate voltage rating can lead to insulation breakdown or even dangerous system failures. Always ensure the cable’s voltage rating aligns with your application’s design specifications.

Ampacity refers to the maximum current a cable can safely carry without exceeding its temperature limit. Factors like ambient temperature, installation method, and cable size affect ampacity. Overshooting the ampacity leads to overheating, insulation damage, and fire risk. Use standard charts provided by manufacturers or IEC standards to select the right cable based on your required load.